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Echocardiography in Percutaneous Valve Therapy

Echocardiography Laboratory, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California

^_* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Tasneem Z. Naqvi, 1510 San Pablo Street, 322, Cardiology Division, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 91730 (Email: tnaqvi{at}usc.edu).

Echocardiography has played a critical role in valve reconstructive surgery and more recently in developments in percutaneous techniques for mitral valve repair and aortic valve implantation. A combination of transthoracic echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) provide diagnostic and screening data pre-procedure, intraprocedural guidance, and assessment of valve function and left ventricular reverse remodeling post-percutaneous valve procedures. The role of intracardiac echocardiography and live 3-dimensional TEE in percutaneous valve interventions is evolving. This review summarizes the role of echocardiography during percutaneous device-based valve procedures.

Key Words: percutaneous valve repair • percutaneous valve implantation • transesophageal echocardiography • transthoracic echocardiography • intracardiac echocardiography • 3-dimensional echocardiography

Abbreviations and Acronyms   3D = 3-dimensional   ICE = intracardiac echocardiography   LA = left atrial, left atrium   LV = left ventricular   MR = mitral regurgitation   MV = mitral valve   PV = paravalvular   TEE = transesophageal echocardiography   TTE = transthoracic echocardiography