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Magnetic Resonance Adenosine Perfusion Imaging in Patients After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

Christoph Klein, MD^_*,_*, Eike Nagel, MD, Rolf Gebker, MD^_*, Sebastian Kelle, MD^_*, Bernhard Schnackenburg, PhD, Kristof Graf, MD^_*, Stefan Dreysse, MD^_*, Eckart Fleck, MD^_*

^_* German Heart Institute, Berlin, Germany
Kings College, London, United Kingdom
Philips Medical Systems, Hamburg, Germany

^_* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Christoph Klein, Internal Medicine/Cardiology, German Heart Institute Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin 13353, Germany (Email: klein{at}dhzb.de).

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility and diagnostic performance of the combination of adenosine stress perfusion and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG).

Background: Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging allows the detection of significant coronary artery disease by adenosine stress perfusion and infarct imaging. Myocardial contrast kinetics may be altered in patients after CABG owing to more complex myocardial perfusion and different distances of the contrast bolus through different bypasses and native coronary vessels. Additionally, all studies have excluded patients after CABG.

Methods: In all, 78 patients (age 66 ± 8 years; 71 men) underwent CMR imaging including left ventricular function, first-pass adenosine stress perfusion (adenosine 140 µg/min/kg) using 0.05 mmol/kg body weight gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid and an additional 0.15 mmol/kg for LGE 1 day before invasive coronary angiography. Images were analyzed visually using the speed of contrast wash-in and maximal signal intensity. Transmural LGE defects of the size of a vessel or graft territory defined by angiography were considered true negatives, even when supplied by a stenosed/occluded vessel/graft. Stenoses >50% in grafts and grafted or ungrafted native vessels (diameter 2 mm) in invasive angiography were considered significant.

Results: The prevalence of patients with significant stenosis was 63% (69% functionally 1-vessel, 28% 2-vessel, and 3% 3-vessel disease). Sensitivity and specificity were 77% and 90%, respectively, on a patient basis, and 71% and 89% on a vessel territory basis. Sensitivity, if only areas supplied by grafts (n = 196) were evaluated, was 78% and specificity was 94%, compared with territories supplied by ungrafted native vessels (n = 51) with sensitivity and specificity of 63% and 91%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for the 53 areas with prior infarction were 88% and 79%, respectively.

Conclusions: For patients after surgical revascularization, the combination of stress perfusion and LGE yields good diagnostic accuracy for the detection and localization of significant stenoses. However, sensitivity is reduced compared with published data in patients without CABG. Prior myocardial infarction can be examined without loss of accuracy.

Key Words: magnetic resonance • coronary artery disease • coronary bypass graft • myocardial perfusion • adenosine

Abbreviations and Acronyms   CABG = coronary artery bypass graft surgery   CAD = coronary artery disease   CMR = cardiac magnetic resonance   LAD = left anterior descending   LCX = left circumflex   LGE = late gadolinium enhancement   LIMA = left internal mammary artery   RCA = right coronary artery   SSFP = steady-state free precession

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				S. Plein Noninvasive Assessment of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Disease: The Potential Role of Contrast-Enhanced Cardiac Magnetic Resonance J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Img., April 1, 2009; 2(4): 446 - 448. [Full Text] [PDF]