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Myocardial Perfusion Imaging With Contrast Ultrasound

University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska

^_* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Thomas R. Porter, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Cardiology, 981165 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-1165 (Email: trporter{at}unmc.edu).

This report reviews the development and clinical application of myocardial perfusion imaging with myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE). This includes the development of microbubble formulations that permit the detection of left ventricular contrast from venous injection and the imaging techniques that have been invented to detect the transit of these microbubbles through the microcirculation. The methods used to quantify myocardial perfusion during a continuous infusion of microbubbles are described. A review of the clinical studies that have examined the clinical utility of myocardial perfusion imaging with MCE during rest and stress echocardiography is then presented. The limitations of MCE are also discussed.

Key Words: myocardial contrast echocardiography • ultrasound contrast

Abbreviations and Acronyms   CAD = coronary artery disease   LBBB = left bundle branch block   MCE = myocardial contrast echocardiography   MI = mechanical index   PET = positron emission tomography   SPECT = single-photon emission computed tomography   RT = real-time perfusion

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